系统分析与设计(英文版第3版)/图灵原版计算机科学系列

ContentsPART I　FOUNDATIONS FOR SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT　2Chapter 1　The Systems Development Environment　2
What Is Information Systems Analysis and Design?　4
Systems Analysis and Design: Core Concepts　4
Systems　6
　Definition of a System and Its Parts　6
　Important System Concepts　7
A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design　10
　Your Role in Systems Development　11
　Outsourcing　12
　Sources of Software　13
Types of Information Systems and Systems Development　17
　Transaction Processing Systems　18
　Management Information Systems　18
　Decision Support Systems　19
　Information Systems: An Overview　19
Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle　20
　Phase 1: Systems Planning and Selection　22
　Phase 2: Systems Analysis　22
　Phase 3: Systems Design　23
　Phase 4: Systems Implementation and Operation　23
Approaches to Development　26
　Prototyping　26
　Computer-Assisted Software Engineering (CASE) Tools　26
　Joint Application Design　27
　Rapid Application Development　27
　Participatory Design　29
　Agile Methodologies　29
Key Points Review　30
Key Terms Checkpoint　31
Review Questions　32
Problems and Exercises　32
Discussion Questions　33
Case Problems　33Chapter 2　Managing the Information Systems Project　36
Pine Valley Furniture Company Background　38
Managing the Information Systems Project　39
　Initiating the Project　43
　Planning the Project　46
　Executing the Project　52
　Closing Down the Project　54
Representing and Scheduling Project Plans　56
　Representing Project Plans　57
　Calculating Expected Time Durations Using PERT　58
　Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture　59
Using Project Management Software　62
　Establishing a Project Starting Date　63
　Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships　63
　Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports　64
Key Points Review　65
Key Terms Checkpoint　66
Review Questions　67
Problems and Exercises　67
Discussion Questions　69
Case Problems　69
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Company Background　71PART II　SYSTEMS PLANNING AND SELECTION　78Chapter 3　Systems Planning and Selection　78
Identifying and Selecting Projects　80
　The Process of Identifying and Selecting Information Systems Development Projects 80
　Deliverables and Outcomes　83
Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects　84
　The Process of Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects　84
　Deliverables and Outcomes　85
Assessing Project Feasibility　86
　Assessing Economic Feasibility　89
　Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns　95
　Building the Baseline Project Plan　96
Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan　100
PVF WebStore: Systems Planning and Selection　104
　Internet Basics　104
　Pine Valley Furniture WebStore　105
Key Points Review　108
Key Terms Checkpoint　109
Review Questions　110
Problems and Exercises　110
Discussion Questions　111
Case Problems　111
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Initiating and Planning a Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System　113PART III　SYSTEMS ANALYSIS　118Chapter 4　Determining System Requirements　118
Performing Requirements Determination　120
　The Process of Determining Requirements　120
　Deliverables and Outcomes　121
　Requirements Structuring　122
Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements　122
　Interviewing and Listening　122
　Directly Observing Users　127
　Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents　128
Modern Methods for Determining System Requirements　133
　Joint Application Design　133
　Using Prototyping during Requirements Determination　136
Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements　137
　Identifying Processes to Reengineer　138
　Disruptive Technologies　139
PVF WebStore: Determining System Requirements　139
　System Layout and Navigation Characteristics　140
　WebStore and Site Management System Capabilities　140
　Customer and Inventory Information　141
　System Prototype Evolution　142
Key Points Review　143
Key Terms Checkpoint　143
Review Questions　144
Problems and Exercises　144
Discussion Questions　145
Case Problems　145
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Determining Requirements for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System　146Chapter 5　Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling　150
Process Modeling　152
　Modeling a System's Process　152
　Deliverables and Outcomes　152
Data-Flow Diagramming Mechanics　153
　Definitions and Symbols　154
　Developing DFDs: An Example　156
　Data-Flow Diagramming Rules　159
　Decomposition of DFDs　160
　Balancing DFDs　162
Using Data-Flow Diagramming in the Analysis Process　164
　Guidelines for Drawing DFDs　164
　Using DFDs as Analysis Tools　167
　Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering　167
Logic Modeling　169
　Modeling Logic with Structured English　170
　Modeling Logic with Decision Tables　172
PVF WebStore: Process Modeling　176
　Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore　176
　Logic Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore　177
Key Points Review　180
Key Terms Checkpoint　180
Review Questions　181
Problems and Exercises　182
Discussion Questions　187
Case Problems　187
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Process Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System　189Chapter 6　Structuring System Requirements: Conceptual Data Modeling　194
Conceptual Data Modeling　196
　The Process of Conceptual Data Modeling　197
　Deliverables and Outcomes　198
Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling　201
Introduction to Entity-Relationship Modeling　202
　Entities　203
　Attributes　204
　Candidate Keys and Identifiers　205
　Multivalued Attributes　206
　Relationships　207
Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model　208
　Degree of a Relationship　208
　Cardinalities in Relationships　209
An Example of Conceptual Data Modeling at Hoosier Burger　212
PVF WebStore: Conceptual Data Modeling　216
　Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore　216
Key Points Review　220
Key Terms Checkpoint　221
Review Questions　222
Problems and Exercises　222
Discussion Questions　225
Case Problems　225
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc.Conceptual Data Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System　226Chapter 7　Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy　230
Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy　232
　The Process of Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy　233
　Deliverables and Outcomes　233
Generating Alternative Design Strategies　234
Issues to Consider in Generating Alternatives　236
　Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software　236
　Hardware and System Software Issues　238
　Implementation Issues　239
Developing Design Strategies for Hoosier Burger's New Inventory Control System　240
Selecting the Most Likely Alternative　242
Updating the Baseline Project Plan　243
　Before and After Baseline Project Plans for Hoosier Burger　245
PVF WebStore: Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy　249
　Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 249
Key Points Review　252
Key Terms Checkpoint　252
Review Questions　253
Problems and Exercises　253
Discussion Questions　254
Case Problems　254
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Formulating a Design Strategy for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System　258PART IV　SYSTEMS DESIGN　262Chapter 8　Designing the Human Interface　262
Designing Forms and Reports　264
　The Process of Designing Forms and Reports　264
　Deliverables and Outcomes　266
　Formatting Forms and Reports　267
Designing Interfaces and Dialogues　276
　The Process of Designing Interfaces and Dialogues　276
　Deliverables and Outcomes　276
　Designing Interfaces　277
　Providing Feedback　284
　Designing Dialogues　287
PVF WebStore: Designing the Human Interface　290
　General Guidelines for Designing Web Interfaces　290
　General Guidelines for Web Layouts　292
　Designing the Human Interface at Pine Valley Furniture　293
　Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie Crumbs　294
　Lightweight Graphics　294
　Forms and Data Integrity　295
　Template-Based HTML　295
Key Points Review　295
Key Terms Checkpoint　296
Review Questions　297
Problems and Exercises　297
Discussion Questions　298
Case Problems　298
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing the Human Interface for the Customer Relationship Management System　300Chapter 9　Designing Databases　304
Database Design　306
　The Process of Database Design　306
　Deliverables and Outcomes　309
Relational Database Model　312
　Well-Structured Relations　313
Normalization　313
　Rules of Normalization　314
　Functional Dependence and Primary Keys　314
　Second Normal Form　315
　Third Normal Form　315
Transforming E-R Diagrams into Relations　316
　Represent Entities　317
　Represent Relationships　318
　Summary of Transforming E-R Diagrams to Relations　321
Merging Relations　321
　An Example of Merging Relations　321
　View Integration Problems　322
Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger　323
Physical File and Database Design　326
Designing Fields　327
　Choosing Data Types　327
　Controlling Data Integrity　329
Designing Physical Tables　330
　Arranging Table Rows　333
　Designing Controls for Files　337
Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger　337
PVF WebStore: Designing Databases　339
　Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore　340
Key Points Review　342
Key Terms Checkpoint　344
Review Questions　345
Problems and Exercises　345
Discussion Questions　347
Case Problems　348
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing the Relational Database for the Customer Relationship Management System　349PART V SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION　352Chapter 10　Systems Implementation and Operation　352
Systems Implementation and Operation　354
　The Processes of Coding, Testing, and Installation　355
　Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding, Testing, and Installation　355
　The Processes of Documenting the System, Training Users, and Supporting Users　356
　Deliverables and Outcomes from Documenting the System, Training Users, and Supporting Users　357
　The Process of Maintaining Information Systems　357
　Deliverables and Outcomes from Maintaining Information Systems　358
Software Application Testing　359
　Seven Different Types of Tests　359
　The Testing Process　361
　Acceptance Testing by Users　363
Installation　363
　Planning Installation　364
Documenting the System　367
　User Documentation　367
　Preparing User Documentation　369
Training and Supporting Users　370
　Training Information System Users　370
　Supporting Information System Users　373
　Support Issues for the Analyst to Consider　374
Why Implementation Sometimes Fails　374
Project Closedown　376
Conducting Systems Maintenance　377
　Types of Maintenance　377
　The Cost of Maintenance　378
　Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness　379
　Controlling Maintenance Requests　380
　Configuration Management　381
　Role of CASE and Automated Development Tools in Maintenance　382
　Web Site Maintenance　382
Maintaining an Information System at Pine Valley Furniture　383
PVF WebStore: Systems Implementation and Operation　384
　Systems Implementation and Operation for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore　384
Key Points Review　387
Key Terms Checkpoint　388
Review Questions　390
Problems and Exercises　390
Discussion Questions　391
Case Problems　391
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing a Testing Plan for the Customer Relationship Management System　392Appendix A　Object-Oriented Analysis and Design　397
The Object-Oriented Modeling Approach　397
Use-Case Modeling　398
Object Modeling: Class Diagrams　401
　Representing Associations　402
Representing Generalization　405
Representing Aggregation　406
Dynamic Modeling: State Diagrams　407
Dynamic Modeling: Sequence Diagrams　408
Designing a Use Case with a Sequence Diagram　410
Moving to Design　411
Key Points Review　413
Key Terms Checkpoint　414
Review Questions　415
Problems and Exercises　415Appendix B　Agile Methodologies　417
The Trend to Agile Methodologies　417
Agile Methodologies　418
eXtreme Programming　420
The Heart of the Systems Development Process　421
　Requirements Determination　422
　Design Specifications　425
　Implementation　427
Key Points Review　427
Key Terms Checkpoint　428
Review Questions　428
Problems and Exercises　428References　429
Glossary of Acronyms　435
Glossary of Terms　437
Index　443