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国外工程控制原版教材
发电、运行与控制（第2版）（影印版）Power Generation,Operation and Control  |
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| Perface to the Second EditionPreface to the First Edition1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the Course1.2 Coures Scope1.3 Economic Importance1.4 Problems:New ang OldFurther Reading2 Characteristics of Power Generation Units2.1 Characteristics of Steam Units2.2 Variations in Steam Unit Characteristics2.3 Cogeneration Plants2.4 Hight-Water Moderated Nuclear Reactor Units2.5 Hydroelectric UnitsAppendix:Typical Generation DataReferences3 Economic Dispatch of Thermal Units and Methods of Solution3.1 The Economic Dispatch Problem3.2 Thermal System Dispatching with Network LossesConsidered3.3 The Lambda-Iteration Method3.4 Gradient Methods of Economic Dispatch3.4.1 Gradient Search3.4.2 Economic Dispatch by Gradient Search3.5 Newton's Method3.6 Economic Dispatch with Piecewise Linear Cost Functions3.7 Economic Dispatch Using Dynamic Programming3.8 Base Point and Participation Factors3.9 Economic Dispatch Versus Unit CommitmentAppendix 3A:Optimization within ConstraintsAppendix 3B:Dynamic-Programming ApplicationsProblemsFurther Reading4 Transmission System Effects4.1 The Power Flow Problem and Its Solution4.1.1 The Power Folw Problem on a Direct CurrentNetwork4.1.2 The Formulation of the AC Power Flow4.1.2.1 The Gauss-Seidel Method4.1.2.2 The Newton-Raphson Method4.1.3 The Decoupled Power Flow4.1.4 The "DC" Power Flow4.2 Transmission Losses4.2.1 A Two-Generator System4.2.2 Coordination Equations,Incremental Losses,and Penalty Factors4.2.3 The B Matrix Loss Formula4.2.4 Exact Methods of Calculating Penalty Factors4.2.4.1 A Discussion of Reference Bus Versus Load Center Penalty Factors4.2.4.2 Reference-Bus Penalty Factors Direct from the AC Power FlowAppendix:Power Flow Input Data for Six-Bus SystemProblemsFurther Reading5 Unit Commitment5.1 Introduction5.1.1 Constraints in Unit Commitment5.1.2 Spinning Reserve5.1.3 Thermal Unit Constraints5.1.4 Other Constraints5.1.4.1 Hydro-List Methods5.1.4.2 Must Run5.1.4.3 Fuel Constraints5.2 Unit Commitment Solution Methods5.2.1 Priority-List Methods5.2.2 Dynamic-Programming Solution5.2.2.1 Introduction5.2.2.2 Forward DP Approach5.2.3 Lagrange Relaxation Solution5.2.3.1 AdjustingApendix:Dual Optimization on a Nonconvex ProblemProblemsFurther Reading6 Generation with Limited Energy Supply6.1 Introduction6.2 Take-or-Pay Fuel Supply Contract6.3 Composite Generation Production Cost Function6.4 Solution by Gradient Search Techniques6.5 Hard Limits and Slack Variables6.6 Fuel Scheduling by Linear ProgrammingAppendix:Linear ProgrammingProblemsFurther Reading7 Hydrothermal Coordination7.1 Introduction7.1.1 Long-Range Hydro-Scheduling7.1.2 Short-Range Hydro-Scheduling7.2 Hydroelefctric Plant Models7.3 Scheduling Problems7.3.1 Types of Scheduling Problems7.3.2 Scheduling Energy7.4 The Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem7.5 Short-Term Hyrdo-Scheduling:A Gradient Approach7.6 Hydro-Units in Series (Hydraulically Coupled)7.7 Pumped-Storage Hydroplants7.7.1 Pumped-Storage Hydro-Scheduling with a Iteration7.7.2 Pumped-Storage Scheduling by a Gradient Method7.8 Dynamic-Programming Solution to the HydrothermalScheduling Problem7.8.1 Extension to Other Cases7.8.2 Dynamic-Programming Solution to MultipleHydroplant Problem7.9 Hydro-Schedulint Using Linear ProgrammingAppendix:Hydro-Scheduling with Storage LimitationsProblemsFurther Reading8 Production Cost Models8.1 Introduction8.2 Uses and Types of Production Cost Programs8.2.1 Production Costing Using Load-Duratio Curves8.2.2 Outages Considered8.3 Probabilistic Production Cost Programs8.3.1 Probabilistic Production Cost Computations8.3.2 Simulating Economic Scheduling with the Unserved Load Method8.3.3 The Expected Cost Method8.3.4 A Discussion of Some Practical Problems8.4 Sample Computation and Exercise8.4.1 No Forced Outages8.4.2 Forced Outages IncludedAppendix:Probability Methods and Uses in Generatio PlanningProblemsFurther Reading9 Control of Generation9.1 Introduction9.2 Generator Model9.3 Load Model9.4 Prime-Mover Model9.5 Governor Model9.6 Tie-Line Model9.7 Generation Control9.7.1 Supplementary Control Action9.7.2 Tie-Line Control9.7.3 Generation Allocation9.7.4 Automatic Generation Control(AGC)Implementation9.7.5 AGC FeaturesProblemsFurther Reading10 Interchange of Power and Energy10.1 Introduction10.2 Economy Interchange between Interconnected Utilities10.3 Interutility Economy Energy Evaluation10.4 Interchange Evaluation with Unit Commitment10.5 Multiple-Utility Interchange Transactions10.6 Other Types of Interchange10.6.1 Capacity Interchange10.6.2 Diversity Interchange10.6.3 Energy Banking10.6.4 Emergency Power Interchange10.6.5 Inadvertent Power Exchange10.7 Power Pools10.7.1 The Energy-Broker System10.7.2 Allocating Pool Savings10.8 Transmission Effects and Issues10.8.1 Transfer Limitations10.8.2 Wheeling10.8.3 Rates for Transmission Services in MultipartyUtility Transactions10.8.4 Some Observations10.9 Transactions Involving Nonutility PartiesProblemsFurther Reading11 Power System Security11.1 Introduction11.2 Factors Affecting Power Sysytem Security11.3 Contingency Analysis:Detection of Network Problems11.3.1 An Overview of Security Analysis11.3.2 Linear Sensitivity Factors11.3.3 AC Power Flow Methods11.3.4 Contingency Selection11.3.5 Concentric Relaxation11.3.6 BoundingAppendix 11A:Calculation of Network Sensitivity FactorsAppendix 11B:Derivation of Equation 11.14ProblemsFruther Reading12 An Introduction to State Estimation in Power Systems12.1 Introduction12.2 Power System State Estimation12.3 Maximum Lidelihood Weighted Least-Squares Estimation12.3.1 Introduction12.3.2 Maximum Likelihood Concepts12.3.3 Matrix Formulation12.3.4 An Example of Weighted Least-Squares StateEstimation12.4 State Estimation of an AC Network12.4.1 Development of Method12.4.2 Typical Results of State Estimation on an AC Network12.5 State Estimation by Orthogonal Decomposition12.5.1 The Orthogonal Decomposition Algorithm12.6 An Introduction to Advanced Topics in State Estimation12.6.1 Detection and Identification of Bad Measurements12.6.2 Estimation of Quantities Not Being Measured12.6.3 Network Observability and Pseudo-measurements12.7 Application of Power Systems State EstimationAppendix:Derivation of Least-Squares EquationsProblemsFurther Reading13 Optimal Power Flow13.1 Introduction13.2 Solution of the Optimal Power Flow13.2.1 The Gradient Method13.2.2 Newton's Method13.3 Linear Sensitivity Analysis13.3.1 Sensitivity Coefficients of an AC Network Model13.4 Linear Programming Methods13.4.1 Linear Programming Method with Only RealPower Variables13.4.2 Linear Programming with AC Power FlowVariables and Detailed Cost Functions13.5 Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow13.6 Interior Point Algorithm13.7 Bus Incremental CostsProblemsFurther ReadingAppendix:About the SoftwareIndex |
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