让JavaME程序 Run Anywhere -- 利用反射机制来动态加载声音API欢迎指教, tengshiquan@yahoo.com.cn
"Write once,run anywhere" 是JAVA的口号,但在J2ME平台上做的应用,要想不改动代码就run anywhere,难度是很大的。如果要把一个应用程序做到让大多数的机型都适用,就要考虑到方方面面,其难度是相当大的。
比如给百宝箱做游戏,上线机型大多是MIDP1。0的机器,感觉移植中最麻烦的还要数声音部分的API,必须根据各个机型来改动。虽然图象还比较容易做成自适应的,但声音部分就一般就只能根据各个机型来改动。
下面提供一种解决方案,可以让J2ME程序在运行时自动加载该机型支持的声音资源并用该机型的声音API来播放。
关键问题: 1。各机型提供的播放音乐的API都有所不同,特别是较老的机型。 需要在运行时根据机型自动加载。 2。各机型支持的声音的资源文件也不同。需要在运行时根据机型自动加载。 3。各机型的JVM不同,多多少少有一些比较特别的BUG。
解决方案: 1。原则:能用标准API就用标准API,不能用的话,就用各个机型自身的API。
// Player types static final int STANDARD = 0; //For MIDI static final int NOKIA = 1; //For ott static final int SAMSUNG = 2; //For mmf static final int NEC = 3; //For MIDI
static final String[] supportedPlayerTypes = { "javax.microedition.media.Player", //STANDARD API "com.nokia.mid.sound.Sound", // Nokia "com.samsung.util.AudioClip", //samsung "com.nec.media.AudioClip", //nec }; 下面利用反射机制来动态加载: public void determinePlayerType() { // use most -> less use isSupportSound = true;
for (int i = 0; i < supportedPlayerTypes.length; i++) { // try to load a proper sound Player try { Class.forName(supportedPlayerTypes[i]); //加载当前的Player类型
playerType = i; //保存加载成功的类的类型 return; } catch (Exception e) { //加载不成功,说明不支持,继续加载下一种 e.printStackTrace(); } } isSupportSound = false; }
2。下面就可以根据在载成功的类型来加载可以播放的声音资源了 public void createPlayer(String name) { if (!isSupportSound) return;
switch (playerType) { case STANDARD: // for MIDI case NEC: createPlayerFactory("/" + name + ".mid"); break; case NOKIA: //for ott createPlayerFactory("/" + name + ".ott"); break; case SAMSUNG: // for mmf createPlayerFactory("/" + name + ".mmf"); break; } }
3。对各个机型特有的BUG,是没有什么特别好的办法的,只能各个机型调试。这只能怪厂商了。。。。。
该方案优点:在移植的时候就不用改动代码。只要在相应的机型JAR包中保留相关的资源就可以了。这样就不用为了各个机型都折腾一遍了。
注意 :用 System.getProperty("microedition.platform")来确定机型是不保险的,因为有的机型只是简单地返回J2ME platform。
遗留问题:
1 NecN820 在运行 Class.forName("javax.microedition.media.Player");时候会立刻报“应用程序出错”,而不是抛出“ClassNotFoundException”异常。这是该机型JVM的特性(BUG),所以给NecN820的代码中必须注释掉javax.microedition.media.Player的一切信息。这就得改动代码,有违我们的初衷,的确是个遗憾。(估计NEC的机型都素这样的)
2 这个类还有待扩展,以支持更多机型。并加入震动部分的API。理论上可以包含所有的机型。但实际应用中只要包含需要用到的机型相关API就可以了。
测试机型: 在 三星E708,MOTOV600,NOKIA 7650 ,NecN820(注释掉javax.microedition.media.Player相关内容)上均测试通过。
下面是源程序:
/** * Created on 2005-7-4 * This class is mainly for the games on various mobile platform. * If U have any good ideas about the J2ME, contact me at tengshiquan@yahoo.com.cn * * Version 1.0 */
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;import java.io.*;//********************* STANDARD ***********************import javax.microedition.media.*;//********************* NOKIA ***********************import com.nokia.mid.sound.*;//********************* SAMSUNG ***********************import com.samsung.util.*;// ********************* NEC ***********************import com.nec.media.*;
//********************* SonyEricsson ***********************// the same as J2ME standard API
/** * @author IntoTheDream */public class MyPlayer {
private static MyPlayer mp = null;
//Sound types, to be enlarged.... static final int MIDI = 0;
static final int MMF = 1;
static final int OTT = 2;
// Player types static final int STANDARD = 0; //For MIDI
static final int NOKIA = 1; //For ott
static final int SAMSUNG = 2; //For mmf
static final int NEC = 3; //For MIDI
static final String[] supportedSoundTypes = { "mid", "mmf", "ott", };
private static int soundType;
static final String[] supportedPlayerTypes = { "javax.microedition.media.Player", //must be dimissed for NECN820 "com.nokia.mid.sound.Sound", "com.samsung.util.AudioClip", "com.nec.media.AudioClip", };
private static int playerType;
// Note : first , play sound to determine whether sound On or Off // Of course you can change it in the game static boolean isSupportSound;
static boolean isSoundOn = true;
// ********************* STANDARD *********************** Player player;
// ********************* NOKIA *********************** Sound nokiaPlayer;
// ********************* SAMSUNG *********************** com.samsung.util.AudioClip samsungPlayer;
// ********************* NEC *********************** com.nec.media.AudioClip necPlayer;
// singleton private MyPlayer() {
}
public static MyPlayer getMyPlayer() { if (mp == null) { mp = new MyPlayer(); mp.determinePlayerType(); } return mp; }
// automatically run this first !! public void determinePlayerType() { // use most -> less use isSupportSound = true;
for (int i = 0; i < supportedPlayerTypes.length; i++) { // try to load a proper sound Player try { Class.forName(supportedPlayerTypes[i]); playerType = i; return; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } isSupportSound = false; }
public void createPlayer(String name) { if (!isSupportSound) return;
switch (playerType) { case STANDARD: // for MIDI case NEC: createPlayerFactory("/" + name + ".mid"); break; case NOKIA: //for ott createPlayerFactory("/" + name + ".ott"); break; case SAMSUNG: // for mmf createPlayerFactory("/" + name + ".mmf"); break; } }
private void createPlayerFactory(String url) {
if (isSupportSound && isSoundOn) { try { InputStream is;
switch (playerType) { case NEC: necPlayer = Media.getAudioClip(url); break; case STANDARD: //must be dimissed for NECN820 is = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream(url); player = Manager.createPlayer(is, "audio/midi"); break; case NOKIA: is = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream(url); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); for (int b = is.read(); b >= 0; b = is.read()) { baos.write(b); } nokiaPlayer = new com.nokia.mid.sound.Sound(baos .toByteArray(), com.nokia.mid.sound.Sound.FORMAT_TONE); break; case SAMSUNG: samsungPlayer = new com.samsung.util.AudioClip( com.samsung.util.AudioClip.TYPE_MMF, url); break;
} } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
public void play(int loop) { if (isSupportSound && isSoundOn) { try { switch (playerType) { case NEC: if (necPlayer == null) break; necPlayer.setLoopCount(loop); necPlayer.play(); break;
case STANDARD: //must be dimissed for NECN820 if (player == null) break; player.setLoopCount(loop); player.start(); break; case NOKIA: if (nokiaPlayer == null) break; nokiaPlayer.play(loop); break; case SAMSUNG: if (samsungPlayer == null) break; samsungPlayer.play(loop, 5); // 5 is volume break;
} } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
public void stopSound() { if (isSupportSound && isSoundOn) { try { switch (playerType) { case STANDARD: //must be dimissed for NECN820 if (player == null) break; player.deallocate(); player.stop(); player.close(); player = null; break; case NOKIA: if (nokiaPlayer == null) break; nokiaPlayer.stop(); nokiaPlayer = null; break; case SAMSUNG: if (samsungPlayer == null) break; samsungPlayer.stop(); samsungPlayer = null; break; case NEC: if (necPlayer == null) break; necPlayer.stop(); necPlayer = null; break; } System.gc(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }}
另: 关于程序的编译, 可以把各个机型的API做为LIB加入eclipse工程。